When a key is pressed the tape head contacts the moving tape and plays a sound. ![]() Prior to computer memory-based samplers, musicians used tape replay keyboards, which store recordings on analog tape. Many are also polyphonic – they are able to play more than one note at the same time.ĮMS MUSYS-3 (1970) (based on Nunzio 2014) Most samplers have Multitimbrality capabilities – they can play back different sounds simultaneously. Often samplers offer filters, effects units, modulation via low frequency oscillation and other synthesizer-like processes that allow the original sound to be modified in many different ways. A single sample may be pitch-shifted to different pitches to produce musical scales and chords. Because these samples are usually stored in digital memory, the information can be quickly accessed. ![]() The samples can be played back by means of the sampler program itself, a MIDI keyboard, sequencer or another triggering device (e.g., electronic drums). Samples may be loaded or recorded by the user or by a manufacturer. As technology improved, cheaper standalone samplers with more memory emerged, such as the E-mu Emulator, Akai S950 and Akai MPC. The term sampler was coined in the late 1970s by the creators of the Fairlight CMI, a synthesizer with the ability to record and playback short sounds. The mid-20th century saw the introduction of keyboard instruments that played sounds recorded on tape, such as the Mellotron. ![]() Samples may comprise elements such as rhythm, melody, speech, sound effects or longer portions of music. An AKAI MPC2000 sampling sequencer (1997)Ī sampler is an electronic musical instrument that records and plays back samples (portions of sound recordings).
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